Copernicus Service catalogue

app-energy-derived-reanalysis

This application provides an accessible and easy to use interface to access climate and energy indicators for the European energy sector. Data is provided for the European domain, in a multi-variable, multi-timescale view of the climate and energy systems. This is beneficial in anticipating important climate-driven changes in the energy sector for both long-term planning and medium-term operational activities. The application can also be used to investigate the role of temperature on electricity demand across Europe, as well as its affect on renewable energy generation.

This dataset is structured into three distinct streams: historical (currently the only available stream), seasonal forecasts and projections. The historical stream is based on ERA5 reanalysis data as input, from 1979 to near real-time (up to the most recent month). The seasonal stream uses ERA5, Météo-France and Met Office data as input, from 1996, to 6 months ahead forecasts. Except for ERA5, these data are first processed by means of bias adjustments – quantile mapping for seasonal forecasts, and cumulative distribution function transform for projections. The application displays only historical data in this initial version, with the other streams being added in future updates.

User-selectable parameters

Climate and energy indicators: users may select a variable to display on the main map or two variables to compare in the time series plot.

Period: The only period available for the moment is the historical period.

Statistic: The main map can display either actual values for the climate and energy indicators, or the anomalies relative to the historical period mean (1979-2019).

Temporal aggregation: The indicators may be displayed in both the the main map and the time series plot at annual, seasonal, monthly, or daily time steps.

Description of the graphical output

The application consists of an interactive map centred on the European energy domain. The map presents the climate and energy indicators spatially averaged over NUTS0 and NUTS1 regions. The choice of user selectable parameters are available in dropdown menus on the left-hand side of the map. A date slider allows the user to explore the temporal range of the dataset at a time step selected in the temporal aggregation parameter. By clicking on a NUTS region, the user opens a time series plot below the map that can display one or two variables in multiple regions, which the user may select by clicking on the desired regions on the map.

MAIN VARIABLES
Name	Units	Description
2m air temperature	°C	The ambient air temperature near to the surface, typically at height of 2m. The data represents the mean area average over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are instantaneous measures.
Electricity demand	TWh, kW (or multiple there of, e.g. GW and GWh)	Electricity Demand is the consumption of electricity expressed in energy units (MWh or GWh) or as mean power (MW or GW). The data is provided at the country level (NUTS level 0).
Hydro power generation reservoirs	Dimensionless, TWh, kW (or multiple there of, e.g. GW and GWh)	Hydro power generation from reservoirs (HRE) expressed as: i) capacity factor (ratio of actual generation to installed capacity), ii) energy (MWh or GWh) and iii) mean power (MW or GW). The data is provided at the country level (NUTS level 0) for countries where HRE production exists.
Hydro power generation rivers	Dimensionless, TWh, kW (or multiple there of, e.g. GW and GWh)	Hydro power generation from run-of-river (HRO) expressed as: i) capacity factor (ratio of actual generation to installed capacity), ii) energy (MWh or GWh) and iii) mean power (MW or GW). The data is provided only at the country level (NUTS level 0) for countries where HRO production exists.
Pressure at sea level	hPa	Expected value of the air-pressure at the virtual vertical level defined by the average level of the sea. The data represents the mean area average over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are instantaneous measures.
Solar photovoltaic power generation	Dimensionless, TWh, kW (or multiple there of, e.g. GW and GWh)	Solar photovoltaic power generation expressed as: i) capacity factor (ratio of actual generation to installed capacity), ii) energy (MWh or GWh) and iii) mean power (MW or GW). Data are averaged over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are instantaneous measures.
Surface downwelling shortwave radiation	W m-2	The amount of solar radiation (also known as shortwave radiation) that reaches a horizontal plane at the surface of the Earth. This parameter comprises both direct and diffuse solar radiation. Values are derived from ERA5 surface downwelling shortwave radiation and bias corrected using Climate Research Unit (CRU) cloud cover and effects of inter-annual changes in atmospheric aerosol loading.
Total precipitation	m	Depth of rain water accumulated on a flat, horizontal and impermeable surface per unit area during a given time period. The data represents the mean area average over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are accumulated measures.
Wind power generation onshore	Dimensionless, TWh, kW (or multiple there of, e.g. GW and GWh)	Onshore wind power generation expressed as: i) capacity factor (ratio of actual generation to installed capacity), ii) energy (MWh or GWh) and iii) mean power (MW or GW) for onshore areas. Data are averaged over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are instantaneous measures.
Wind speed	m s-1	Magnitude of the two-dimensional horizontal air velocity at heights of 10 metres and 100 metres. The data represents the mean area average over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are instantaneous measures.

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