Copernicus Service catalogue

app-energy-explorer-europe

This application explores climate data over Europe and the effect of climate change on energy supply and demand. Data is provided for the European domain, in a multi-variable, multi-timescale view of the climate and energy systems. This is beneficial in anticipating important climate-driven changes in the energy sector for either long-term planning or medium-term operational activities. The application can also be used to investigate the role of temperature on electricity demand across Europe, as well as its affect on renewable energy generation.

The data is available in two distinct streams: historical and projections. The historical stream is based on ERA5 reanalysis data as input, from 1979 to near real-time (up to the most recent month), whilst the climate projections stream is based on European regional climate model experiment Euro-CORDEX from 1979 to 2100. Changes in energy variables are based solely on changes in climate, and do not reflect changes due to population growth or other socio-economic factors.

Climate and energy variables can be visualised in the interactive map. Selecting a region will add the variable of choice for the given region to a time series graph, which can be customised and downloaded.

User-selectable parameters

Period: historical data (based on reanalysis) or climate projections.

Experiment: greenhouse gas emission scenario (projections data only).

Variable: climate and energy indicators to display on the main map.

Resolution: temporal resolution (annual, seasonal, monthly or daily).

Statistic: choose whether to visualise actual values or anomalies (relative to the 1981-2010 reference period).

OUTPUT VARIABLES
Name	Units	Description
2m air temperature	K	The ambient air temperature near to the surface, typically at height of 2m. The data represents the mean area average over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are instantaneous measures.
Electricity demand	MWh, MW (or multiple there of, e.g. GW and GWh)	Electricity Demand is the consumption of electricity expressed in energy units (MWh or GWh) or as mean power (MW or GW). The data is provided at the country level (NUTS level 0).
Hydro power generation reservoirs	Dimensionless, MWh or MW	Hydro power generation from reservoirs (HRE) expressed as: i) capacity factor (ratio of actual generation to installed capacity), ii) energy (MWh or GWh) and iii) mean power (MW or GW). The data is provided at the country level (NUTS level 0) for countries where HRE production exists.
Hydro power generation rivers	Dimensionless, MWh or MW	Hydro power generation from run-of-river (HRO) expressed as: i) capacity factor (ratio of actual generation to installed capacity), ii) energy (MWh or GWh) and iii) mean power (MW or GW). The data is provided only at the country level (NUTS level 0) for countries where HRO production exists.
Pressure at sea level	hPa	Expected value of the air-pressure at the virtual vertical level defined by the average level of the sea. The data represents the mean area average over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are instantaneous measures.
Solar photovoltaic power generation	Dimensionless, MWh or MW	Solar photovoltaic power generation expressed as: i) capacity factor (ratio of actual generation to installed capacity), ii) energy (MWh or GWh) and iii) mean power (MW or GW). Data are averaged over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are instantaneous measures.
Surface downwelling shortwave radiation	W m-2	The amount of solar radiation (also known as shortwave radiation) that reaches a horizontal plane at the surface of the Earth. This parameter comprises both direct and diffuse solar radiation. Values are derived from ERA5 surface downwelling shortwave radiation and bias corrected using Climate Research Unit (CRU) cloud cover and effects of inter-annual changes in atmospheric aerosol loading.
Total precipitation	m	Depth of rain water accumulated on a flat, horizontal and impermeable surface per unit area during a given time period. The data represents the mean area average over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are accumulated measures.
Wind power generation onshore	Dimensionless, MWh or MW	Onshore wind power generation expressed as: i) capacity factor (ratio of actual generation to installed capacity), ii) energy (MWh or GWh) and iii) mean power (MW or GW) for onshore areas. Data are averaged over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are instantaneous measures.
Wind speed	m s-1	Magnitude of the two-dimensional horizontal air velocity at heights of 10 metres and 100 metres. The data represents the mean area average over three area aggregations: grid point, country level (NUTS level 0), sub-country level (NUTS level 2). The data values are instantaneous measures.

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